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Apple's failed 'Project Titan' was a Full Self Driving gamble

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The abandoned Apple Car shifted gears several times over the past decade, but ultimately the challenge of full self driving proved insurmountable — and continues to elude the industry as a whole.

Apple had hoped to produce a car design that would revolutionize the industry, but finally pulled the plug on its electric car dreams. While companies such as Tesla have also hoped to create a vehicle with a Level 5 self-driving system, they have sensibly opted to iterate on the idea with limited self-driving today, and the promise of Full Self Driving (FSD) in the future.

Bloomberg's Mark Gurman reports that Apple's decade-long "Project Titan" ultimately failed because faith in Apple's engineering team to solve the riddle of FSD technology turned into hubris over time.

Apple intended to leapfrog the industry with a car design so capable of full self-driving that it would have no steering wheel and no pedals. It would also look like nothing else on the market at the time.

According to Gurman, the company and its engineering team in 2014 felt invincible. Apple had revolutionized smartphones, tablet computers, and the entire music industry in the recent past — and was preparing to upend the watch industry.

In hindsight, Gurman noted that a car design that would have "still reflected Apple's design chops and be fully integrated into the company's ecosystem of products," likely made in partnership with an existing manufacturer, would have appealed to the company's fan base.

Instead, all the design work was focused around the advanced concept of a truly "driverless" car that didn't require human control. Gurman cites a source who was involved in the decision-making that compares the plan to attempting to "skip all the early iPhone models and jump right to the iPhone X."

Apple executives understood the folly of their "big bet" a few years ago, but had already spent billions chasing the original vision.

Even if the engineering department had come up with a full self-driving breakthrough, the project's cost, profit potential, and cost to the consumer — rumored to be over $100,000 — became unsustainable.

21 Comments

Luis.A.Masanti 1 Year · 79 comments

Just a question:
If you are running to hit a wall or the fall in a risk… and stop before that happening… Would you call that a ‘failure’ or a ‘wise decision’?

Oh… I forgot! Blaming Apple or showing that Apple fails… brings page views to your site… a.k.a. ad revenue.

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mikethemartian 19 Years · 1561 comments

Just a question:
If you are running to hit a wall or the fall in a risk… and stop before that happening… Would you call that a ‘failure’ or a ‘wise decision’?

Oh… I forgot! Blaming Apple or showing that Apple fails… brings page views to your site… a.k.a. ad revenue.

I wouldn’t exactly call it “wisdom” unless you think that most people act like Wile E. Coyote.

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jayweiss 14 Years · 80 comments

I do not understand why everyone is so upset about the cancellation of Project Titan. The pullback of the automotive industry away from EV vehicles, due to lack of infrastructure to support them is one factor. The hope of having FSD mode in an automobile has proven to be a harder problem to solve than previously thought. 

“Failure” is many times the best path to success. Not every project that Apple embarks upon results in a new product that is successful. We know for a fact that there have been many projects at Apple that have never seen the light of day. There are also products that had very limited markets, and were discontinued.

Thomas Edison said that invention is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. It takes a lot of work to make a product come from nothing to reality. It turns out that Project Titan may have had great inspiration but still needed a lot of work before it could ever become viable product for Apple.

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byronl 5 Years · 383 comments

Gurman cites a source who was involved in the decision-making that compares the plan to attempting to "skip all the early iPhone models and jump right to the iPhone X."

This is the most important sentence of this article. Driverless technology requires tons and tons of road data for AI training. Apple collected about half a million miles of road data in 2023. That's nothing. It would have been a lot wiser of them to release a car more than five years ago and have it collect road and driving data, using it to train the self-driving technology. 

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avon b7 21 Years · 8161 comments

jayweiss said:
I do not understand why everyone is so upset about the cancellation of Project Titan. The pullback of the automotive industry away from EV vehicles, due to lack of infrastructure to support them is one factor. The hope of having FSD mode in an automobile has proven to be a harder problem to solve than previously thought. 

“Failure” is many times the best path to success. Not every project that Apple embarks upon results in a new product that is successful. We know for a fact that there have been many projects at Apple that have never seen the light of day. There are also products that had very limited markets, and were discontinued.

Thomas Edison said that invention is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. It takes a lot of work to make a product come from nothing to reality. It turns out that Project Titan may have had great inspiration but still needed a lot of work before it could ever become viable product for Apple.

I don't think 'pullback by the automotive industry' is the correct way to describe things and infrastructure will scale to accommodate the market beginning with a charger in your home.

My sister-in-law has been on a 100% electric car in Spain since 2017 and hasn't seen infrastructure problems in spite of living in the country. 

China is still pumping out EVs at a crazy pace and, as subsidies (direct and indirect) are phased out there and elsewhere, the market will see some convergence for sure. 

FSD will come at some point but requires advances. 2014 definitely wasn't a year for those advances. Were there projected advances of any kind that could lead to FSD in ten years from 2014? I'm not aware of any. If Apple thought it was possible then they were simply being unrealistic.

FSD has of course existed for a while but in restricted scenarios, not the open road. Those scenarios present the perfect opportunity to accumulate data. 

In open road scenarios there has always been a line of advance through the different levels. If Apple thought it could leapfrog those levels then, again, it was not being realistic. 

FSD isn't an encapsulated affair and isn't only about understanding data from sensors. It requires communicating with other vehicles (for example V2X and ICT) and with road infrastructure. It requires compliance with regulatory bodies too. 

All this was clear even back in 2014. 

I find it hard to believe that Apple wasn't aware of all of this all the while which leads me to believe that management decided to axe the product for a bunch of possible reasons ranging from economic to technical or more probably a mix of things. 

If they really thought they could leapfrog to the forefront of FSD in a few short years then, at best, it was wishful thinking and at worst crazy. 

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